The nuanced interplay between light and cellular structures is pivotal in understanding why red light therapy holds such promise.
At the core of red light therapy lies the interaction between photons and cellular components. The unique wavelength of red light is a key player in its health-supporting properties.
Unlike other light wavelengths that are mostly absorbed by the skin's surface, red light wavelengths can reach deeper layers of the skin, making them more accessible to cells [11].
When red light penetrates the skin and reaches our cells, photons are absorbed by chromophores (light-sensitive molecules within the cells). This process initiates a photochemical response and sets off a chain of events, influencing cellular functions and contributing to the health-supporting benefits of red light therapy.
The effects of red light on cellular structures are multifaceted. It influences the mitochondria – i.e., the powerhouse of our cells by supporting their function and promoting energy production [12] [13].
The primary function of mitochondria is to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration. Red light therapy supports this process by stimulating the activity of cytochrome c oxidase—a key enzyme in the electron transport chain.
Red light therapy promotes oxygen consumption and the transportation of electrons [14]. This heightened activity translates to healthy production of ATP, providing cells with the energy needed for optimal functioning. It's akin to a revitalizing charge that fuels cellular activities and promotes overall well-being.
Additionally, red light has been shown to stimulate various cellular processes, including the production of nitric oxide (NO)—which plays a crucial role in cellular signaling and homeostasis.